Chambers - Petroleum & Base Chemicals |
|
| Overview Liquid fuels include all liquid and gaseous products derived from mineral sources such as crude oil, coal, natural gas, biomass and other sources, and are exclusively used in energy applications. Also included are all forms of lubricants and greases. Major product types include petrol, diesel, jet fuel, illuminating paraffin, fuel oil, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), bitumen, lubricating base oils (mineral) and blended lubricants and greases A basic or primary organic chemical is the first point at which a substance exists as an isolated and reasonably pure chemical. Before this stage, it will have been present in a raw material such as coal, petroleum, or will have been a component of a mixture such as a refinery gas stream. These chemicals are typically large, e.g. volume consumption, multiple application and generally below US$ 3 per kilogram (kg). It includes those products generally referred to as petrochemicals. Organic Intermediate Chemicals and Solvents are chemicals for which a definite chemical precursor can be identified. In addition, most of the supply of an intermediate chemical will undergo further chemical reaction (transformation) to produce a variety of other chemicals All products that are manufactured by means of polymerisation synthesis into a primary form (e.g. beads), ready to be converted by means of mechanical or thermo-mechanical processes into fabricated plastic and rubber products. Inorganic chemicals are those products most often produced from metallic and non-metallic minerals, which have commercial properties indicating typically large consumption volumes, multiple application areas, and relative low market prices (e.g. below US$3 per kg). Although some inorganic chemicals are used to manufacture other chemicals, the description among basic, intermediate and end chemicals is much less clear than in the organic chemicals group. Inorganic chemicals are used less as building blocks than as processing aids in the manufacture of both chemical and non-chemical products Fine chemicals are specific molecules of high value typically produced in low volumes and sold at prices above US$ 3 per kg. Many cost thousands of Rand per kg. Fine chemicals include the active ingredients in drugs, pesticides, dyes, pigments, and photographic products. They are also used as food ingredients, nutritional chemicals and as intermediate purified reagents for further synthesis, especially in pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, dyes, and pigments. Fine chemicals are undifferentiated products that are defined in terms of their chemical structure and are distinguished from speciality (formulated or performance) chemicals, which are differentiated products, typically sold under trade names. Fine chemicals differ from commodity (basic or primary chemicals) and specialities in terms of their technology, management focus, product application, volume produced and sold, consumer base, technical service, Research & Development (R&D) focus, and product differentiation. Fine chemicals can be categorised as end-use products. Which, together with other categories of chemicals, are consumed as key ingredients of pharmaceutical, agricultural, photographic products, electronics, flavours & fragrances, and food chemicals and products. |
|